Han-Jung Lee¹, Irene Mowszowicz², and Chawnshang Chang¹

¹Department of Medicine, and Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792

²Biochemistry Laboratory B, Hospital Necker, Paris 75743, France

Received 04/19/96; Accepted 06/10/96; On-line 07/01/96

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2. J. A. Simental, M. Sar, M. V. Lane, F. S. French and E. M. Wilson: Transcriptional activation and nuclear targeting signals of the human androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 266, 510-8 (1991)

3. M. J. McPhaul, M. Marcelli, W. D. Tilley, J. E. Griffin and J. D. Wilson: Androgen resistance caused by mutations in androgen receptor gene. FASEB J 5, 2910-5 (1991)

4. M. Marcelli, W. D. Tilley, S. Zoppi, J. E. Griffin, J. D. Wilson and M. J. McPhaul: Molecular basis of androgen resistance. J Endocrinol Invest 15,149-59 (1992)

5. C. Chang, A. Saltzman, S. Yeh, W. Young, E. Keller, H. -J. Lee, C. Wang and A. Mizokami: Androgen receptor: an overview. Crit Rev Eukaryo Gene Expr 5, 97-125 (1995)

6. I. Mowszowicz, H. -J. Lee, H. -T. Chen, C. Mestayer, M. -C. Portois, S. Cabrol, P. Mauvais-Jarvis and C. Chang: A point mutation in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene causes complete androgen insensitivity in two siblings with receptor-positive androgen resistance. Mol Endocrinol 7, 861-9 (1993)

7. I. Mowszowicz, H. -J. Lee, M. -C. Portois, F. Kuttenn and C. Chang: Complete androgen insensitivity due to a single base substitution in exon 8 of the steroid-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene. Endocrine J 1, 203-9 (1993)

8. I. Mowszowicz, E. Melanitou, M.O. Kirchhoffer and P. Mauvais-Jarvis: Dihydrotestosterone stimulates 5-reductase activity in pubic skin fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56, 320-5 (1983)

9. I. Mowszowicz, E. Melanitou, A. Doukani, F. Wright, F. Kuttenn and P. Mauvais-Jarvis: Androgen binding capacity and 5-reductase activity in pubic skin fibroblasts from hirsute patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56, 1209-13 (1983)

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11. K. Burton: A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J 62, 315-23 (1956)

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14. E.J. Chen and P.H. Seeburg: Supercoil sequencing: a fast and simple method for sequencing plasmid DNA. DNA 4, 165-70 (1985)

15. C. Chang, J. Kokontis and S. Liao: Structural analysis of complementary DNA and amino acid sequences of human and rat androgen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85, 7211-5 (1988)

16. D. M. Williams, M. N. Patterson and I. A. Hughes: Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Arch Dis Child 68, 343-4 (1993)

17. D. J. Mangelsdorf and R. M. Evans: The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83, 841-50 (1995)

18. S. Yeh and C. Chang: Cloning and characteriza-tion of a specific coactivator, ARA70, for the androgen receptor in human prostate cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 5517-5521 (1996)