[Frontiers in Bioscience 1, d161-176, August 1, 1996]
Reprints
PubMed
CAVEAT LECTOR



ADHESION MOLECULES IN HUMAN SPERM-OOCYTE INTERACTION: RELEVANCE TO INFERTILITY

Osmond J. D'Cruz, Ph.D

Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190

9. REFERENCES

1. R. Yanagimachi: Mammalian fertilization. In: The Physiology of Reproduction. Eds: Knobil E, Neill J, Raven Press, New York 1, 189-317 (1994)

2. P. M. Wassarman: The biology and chemistry of fertilization. Science 235, 553-60 (1987)

3. J. Dean: Biology of mammalian fertilization: Role of the zona pellucida. J Clin Invest 89, 1055-9 (1992)

4. J. M. Bedford: The contraceptive potential of fertilization: A physiological perspective. Hum Reprod 9, 842-58 (1994)

5. J. M. White: Membrane fusion. Science 258, 917-24 (1992)

6. J. White: Viral and cellular membrane fusion proteins. Annu Rev Physiol 52, 675-97 (1990)

7. R. J. Belton & K. R. Foltz: Gamete and immune cell recognition revisited. BioEssays 17, 1075-80 (1995)

8. C. P. Blobel, T. G. Wolfsberg, C. W. Turck, D. G. Myles, P. Primakoff & J. M. White: A potential fusion peptide and an integrin ligand domain in a protein active in sperm-egg fusion. Nature 356, 248-52 (1992)

9. E. A. C. Almeida, A-PJ. Huovila, A. E. Sutherland, L. E. Stephens, P. G. Calarco, L. M. Shaw, A. M. Mercurio, A. Sonnenberg, P. Primakoff, D. G. Myles & J. M White: Mouse egg integrin alpha6ß1 functions as a sperm receptor. Cell 81, 1095-104 (1995)

10. R. Yanagimachi: Sperm-egg fusion. In Current topics in membranes and transport. Eds: Duzgunes N,. Bronner N, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 32, 3-43 (1988)

11. K. Hoshi, H. Sasaki, K. Yanagida, A. Sato & A. Tsuiki: Localization of fibronectin on the surface of human spermatozoa and relation to the sperm-egg interaction. Fertil Steril 61, 542-7 (1994)

12. S. M. Albelda & C. A. Buck: Integrins and other cell adhesion molecules. FASEB J 4, 2868-80 (1990)

13. T. G. Wolfsberg, P. Primakoff, D. G. Myles & J. M. White: ADAM, a novel family of membrane proteins containing a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain: Multipotential functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. J Cell Biol 131, 275-8 (1995)

14. R. O. Hynes: Integrins:versatility, modulation and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69, 11-25 (1992)

15. R. O. Hynes: Integrins: a family of cell surface receptors. Cell 48, 549-54 (1987)

16. R. I. Clayman, F. Mauray & R. H. Kramer: ß1 and ß3 integrins have different roles in the adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells on extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 200, 272-84 (1992)

17. T. A. Haas & E. Plow: Integrin-ligand interactions: a year in review. Curr Opin Cell Biol 6, 656-62 (1994)

18. H. Mohr & T. Ohkubo: How vitronectin binds to activated glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex and its function in platelet aggregation. Am J Clin Pathol 96, 605-9 (1991)

19. T. A. Springer: Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature 346, 425-34 (1990)

20. G. M. Edelman: Adhesion and counteradhesion: morphogenetic functions of the cell surface. Prog Brain Res 101, 1-14 (1994)

21. C. H. Damsky & Z. Werb: Signal transduction by integrin receptors for extracellular matrix: cooperative processing of extracellular information. Curr Opin Cell Biol 4, 772-81 (1992)

22. M. A. Schwatrz: Spreading of human endothelial cells on fibronectin or vitronectin triggers elevation of intracellular free calcium. J Cell Biol 120, 1003-10 (1993)

23. M. D. Schaller & T. J. Parsons: Focal adhesion kinase: an integrin-linked protein tyrosine kinase. Trends Cell Biol 3, 258-62 (1993)

24. R. A. Bronson & F. Fusi: Evidence that an Arg-Gly-Asp adhesion sequence plays a role in mammalian fertilization. Biol Reprod 43, 1019-25 (1990)

25. F. M. Fusi, M. Vignali, M, Busacca & R. A. Bronson: Evidence for the presence of an integrin cell adhesion receptor on the oolemma of unfertilized human oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 31, 215-22 (1992)

26. R. Yanagimachi, H. Yanagimachi & R. J. Roger: The use of zona-free animal ova as a test system for the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 15, 471-6 (1976)

27. O. Rufas, B. Fisch, D. M. Phillips & R. Shalgi: Human gamete fusion test: an experimental model for assessing the fusion potential of sperm from nonfertilizing normospermic patients. Fertil Steril 62, 786-92 (1994)

28. J. W. Gordon, L. Grunfeld, G. J. Garrisis, B. E. Talansky, C. Richards, H. Wiczyk, D. Rappaport & N. Laufer: Fertilization of human oocytes by sperm from infertile males after zona pellucida drilling. Fertil Steril 50, 68-73 (1988)

29. G. Palermo, H. Joris, P. Devoroey, A. C. Van Steirteghem: Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoan into an oocyte. Lancet 340, 17-8 (1992)

30. E. J. Margalioth, D. Navot, N. Laufet, A. Lewin A, R. Rabinowitz & J. G. Schenker: Correlation between the zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay and human in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 45, 665-70 (1986)

31. R. K. Naz, N. J. Alexander, M. Isahakia & M. S. Hamilton: Monoclonal antibodies to a human germ cell membrane glycoprotein that inhibits fertilization. Science 225, 342-4 (1984)

32. M. S. Liu, Y. Yang, J. Pan, H. W. Liu, A. C. Menge & C. Y. G. Lee: Purification of an acrosomal antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody and antifertility effects on isoimmune serum. Int J Androl 12, 451-63 (1989).

33. V. Framis-Garcia, R. Martorell, C. Marquez, J. Benet, P. Andolz & P. Martinez: Inhibition by anti-sperm monoclonal antibodies of the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes by human spermatozoa. Immunol Cell Biol 2, 1-6 (1994)

34. D. J. Anderson, J. S. Michaelson & P. M. Johnson: Trophoblast/leukocyte-common antigen is expressed by human testicular germ cells and appears on the surface of acrosome-reacted sperm. Biol Reprod 41, 285-93 (1989)

35. R. Naz & A. Menge: Development of antisperm contraceptive vaccine for humans: why and how? Hum Reprod 5, 511-8 (1990)

36. R. M. Wright, E. John, K. Klotz, C. Flickinger & J. Herr: Cloning and sequencing for the human intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10. Biol Reprod 42, 693-701 (1990)

37. M-S. Liu, K. Chan, Y-F. Lau & C-Y. G. Lee: Molecular cloning of an acrosomal sperm antigen gene and the production of its recombinant protein for immunocontraceptive vaccine. Mol Reprod Dev 25, 302-8 (1990)

38. A. Diekman & E. Goldberg: Characterization of a human antigen with sera from infertile patients. Biol Reprod 50, 1087-93 (1994)

39. A. Moore, L. M. Penfold, J. L. Johnson, D. S. Latchman, H. D. Moore: Human sperm-egg binding is inhibited by peptides corresponding to core region of an acrosomal serine protease inhibitor. Mol Reprod Dev 34, 280-91 (1993)

40. F. Boue, C. Duquenne, B. Lassalle, A. Lefevre & C. Finaz: FLB1, a human protein of epididymal origin that is involved in the sperm-oocyte recognition process. Biol Reprod 52, 267-78 (1995)

41. L. Kornberg, H. S. Earp, J. T. Parsons, M. Schaller & R. L. Juliano: Cell adhesion or integrin clustering increases phosphorylation of a focal adhesion-associated tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 276, 23439-42 (1992)

42. S. Miyazaki: Cell signalling at fertilization of hamster eggs. J Reprod Fertil 42 (Suppl), 163-75 (1990)

43. C. J. Wilhams, R. M. Schultz & G. S. Kopf: Role of G proteins in mouse egg activation: stimulatory effects of acetylcholine on the ZP2 to ZP2f conversion and pronuclear formation in eggs expressing a functional m1 muscarinic receptor. Dev Biol 151, 288-96 (1992)

44. D. J. Anderson, A. F. Abbott & R. M. Jack: The role of complement component C3b and its receptors in sperm-oocyte interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 10051-55 (1993)

45. P. Fenichel, F. Cervoni, P. Hofmann, M. Deckert, C. Emiliozzi, B-L. Hsi & B. Rossi: Expression of the complement regulatory protein CD59 on human spermatozoa: Characterization and role in gametic interaction. Molecul Reprod Dev 38, 338-46 (1994)

46. M. A. Horwitz: The roles of the Fc and C3 receptors in the phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by human phagocytes. J Reticulendothel Soc 28, 17s-26s (1980)

47. I. A. Rooney, A. Davies & B. P. Morgan: Membrane attack complex (MAC)-mediated damage to spermatozoa: Protection of the cells by the presence on their membranes of MAC inhibitory proteins. Immunology 75, 499-506 (1992)

48. O. J. D'Cruz & G. G. Haas Jr: Flow cytometric quantitation of membrane cofactor protein as a marker for the human sperm acrosome reaction. Fertil Steril 58, 633-6 (1992)

49. O. J. D'Cruz & G. G. Haas Jr: The expression of the complement regulators CD46, CD55, and CD59 by human sperm does not protect them from antisperm antibody and complement-mediated immune injury. Fertil Steril 59, 876-84 (1993)

50. F. Cervoni, T. J. Oglesby, E. M. Adams, C. Milesi-Fluet, M. Nickells, P. Fenichel, J. P. Atkinson & B-L. Hsi: Identification and characterization of membrane cofactor protein of human spermatozoa. J Immunol 148, 1431-7 (1992)

51. F. Cervoni, T. J. Oglesby, P. Fenichel, G. Dohr, J. P. Atkinson, B. Rossi & B-L. Hsi: Identification and characterization of decay accelerating factor (DAF) of human spermatozoa. J Immunol 151, 1-10 (1993)

52. P. Fenichel, F. Cervoni, M. Donzeau & B-L. Hsi: Expression of protectin (CD59) on human sperm surface. J Immunol Immunopathol 2, 90 (1992)

53. E. Bozas, L. Kirszbaum, R. L. Sparrow & J. D. Walker: Several vascular complement inhibitors are present on human sperm. Biol Reprod 48, 503-11 (1993)

54. A. M. Shenoy-Scaria, J. Kwong, R. Fujita, M. W. Olszowy, A. S. Shaw & D. M. Lublin: Signal transduction through decay accelerating factor. Interaction of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor and protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn 1. J Immunol 149, 3535-41 (1992)

55. B. P. Morgan, C. W. van den Berg, E. V. Davies, M. B. Hallett, V. Horejsi: Cross-linking of CD59 and other glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules on neutrophils triggers cell activation via tyrosine kinase. Eur J Immunol 23, 2841-50 (1993)

56. B. Su, G. L. Waneck, R. A. Flavell & A. L. M. Bothwell: The glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor is critical for Ly-6A/E-mediated T cell activation. J Cell Biol 112, 377-84 (1991)

57. T. G. Wolfsberg, J. F. Bazan, C. P. Blobel, D. G. Myles, P. Primakoff & J. M. White: The precursor region of a protein active in sperm-egg fusion contains a metalloprotease and a disintegrin domain:strucutral, functional, and evolutionary implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 10783-7 (1993)

58. D. G. Myles, L. H. Kimmel, C. P. Blobel, J. M. White & P. Primakoff: Identification of a binding site in the disintegrin domain of fertilin required for sperm-egg fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 4195-98 (1994)

59. P. Primakoff, H. Hyatt & J. Tredick-Kline: Identification and purification of a sperm surface protein with a potential role in sperm-egg membrane fusion. J Cell Biol 104, 141-9 (1987)

60. C. P. Blobel, D. G. Myles, P. Primakoff & J. M. White: Proteolytic processing of a protein involved in sperm-egg fusion correlates with acquisition of fertilization competence. J Cell Biol 111, 69-78 (1990)

61. G. Vidgren, K. Takkinen, N. Kalkkinen, L. Kaariainen & R. Pettersson: Nucleotide sequence of the genes coding for the membrane glycoproteins E1 and E2 of rubella virus. J Gen Virol 68, 2347-57 (1987)

62. C. S. Ramarao, D. G. Myles & P. Primakoff: Multiple roles for PH-20 and fertilin in sperm-egg interactions. Sem Dev Biol 5, 265-71 (1994)

63. R. J. Gould, M. A. Polokoff, P. A. Friedman, T-F. Huang, J. C. Holt, J. J. Cook & S. Niewiarowski: Disintegrins: a family of integrin inhibitory proteins from viper venoms. Proc Soc Exp Med Biol 195, 168-71 (1990)

64. A. Muga, W. Neugebauer, T. Hirama & W. K. Surewicz: Membrane interactive and conformational properties of the putative fusion peptide of PH-30, a protein active in sperm-egg fusion. Biochemistry 33, 4444-8 (1994)

65. J. P. Evans, R. M. Schultz & G. S. Kopf: Mouse sperm-egg plasma membrane interactions: analysis of roles of egg integrins and the mouse sperm homologue of PH-30 (fertilin) ß. J Cell Biol 108, 3267-78 (1995)

66. C. M. Vidaeus, C. Kap-Herr, W. Golden, R. L. Eddy, T. B. Shows & J. C. Herr: Cloning and characterization of a candidate contraceptive vaccinogen, human fertilin ß. Amer J Reprod Immunol 35, 466 (1996)

67. H. J. Glandner & J. Schaller: Beta-1 integrins of spermatozoa: a flow cytometric analysis. Int J Androl 16, 105-11 (1993)

68. L. D. Klentzeris, J. N. Bulmer, L. K. Trejdosiewicz, L. Morrison & I. D. Cook: Beta-1 integrin cell adhesion molecules in the endometrium of fertile and infertile women. Hum Reprod 8, 1223-30 (1993)

69. T. D. Burrows, A. King & Y. W. Loke: Expression of integrins by human trophoblast and differential adhesion to laminin or fibronectin. Hum Reprod 8, 475-84 (1993)

70. M. E. Hemler: VLA proteins in the integrin family: structures, functions and their role on leukocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 8, 365-400 (1990)

71. L. D. Klentzeris, S. Fishel, H. McDermott, K. Dowell, J. Hall & S. Green: A positive correlation between expression of beta 1-integrin cell adhesion molecules and fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa in vitro. Molec Hum Reprod 10, 728-33 (1995)

72. H. J. Glander, J. Schaller, W. Weber, H. Alexander & K. W. Haake: In vitro fertilization: Increased VLA (very late antigen) integrins and fibronectin after acrosome reaction. Arch Androl 36,177-185 (1996)

73. E. Rouslahti & M. D. Pierschbacher: New perspective in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins. Science 238, 491-7 (1987)

74. A. Sonnenberg, P. W. Modderman & F. Hogervorst: Laminin receptor on platelets is the integrin VLA-6. Nature 336, 487-9 (1988)

75. R. Kaufmann, D. Frosch, C. Westphal, L. Weber & C. E. Klein: Integrin VLA-3: ultrastructural localization at cell-cell contact sites of human cell cultures. J Cell Biol 109, 1807-15 (1989)

76. F. M. Fusi, I. Lorenzetti, M. Vignali & R. A. Bronson: Sperm surface proteins after capacitation. Expression of vitronectin on the spermatozoan head and laminin on the sperm tail. J Androl 13, 488-97 (1992)

77. F. M. Fusi & R. A. Bronson: Sperm surface fibronectin. Expression following capacitation. J Androl 13, 28-35 (1992)

78. R. A. Bronson & F. Fusi: Sperm-oolemmal interaction: role of RGD adhesion peptide. Fertil Steril 54, 527-9 (1990)

79. O. J. D'Cruz & G. G. Haas Jr: ß2-integrin (CD11b/CD18) is the primary adhesive glycoprotein complex involved in neutrophil-mediated immune injury to human sperm. Biol Reprod 53, 1118-30 (1995)

80. O. J. D'Cruz & G. G. Haas Jr: Exposure of binding sites for clusterin and vitronectin on human sperm following antisperm antibody induced deposition of membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) of human complement. Biol Repr 44(Suppl. 1), 139 (1991)

81. T. E. O'Toole, Y. Katagiri, R. J. Faull, P. Peter, P. Tamura, V. Quaranta, J. C. Loftus, S. J. Shattil & M. H. Ginsberg: Integrin cytoplasmic domains mediate inside-out signal transduction. J Cell Biol 124, 1047-59 (1994)

82. B-F. Habermann & D. A. Cheresh: Vitronectin and its receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5, 864-8 (1993)

83. J. L. Cole, G. A. Housley Jr, T. R. Dykman, R. P. Macdermott & J. P. Atkinson: Identification of an additional class of C3-binding membrane proteins of human peripheral blood leukocytes and cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82, 859-63 (1985)

84. D. Naniche, G. Varior-Krishnan, F. Cervoni, T. F. Wild, B. Rossi, C. Rabourdin-Combe & D. Gerlier: Human membrane cofactor protein (CD46) acts as a cellular receptor for measles virus. J Virol 67, 6025-32 (1993)

85. N. Okada, K. M. Liszewski, J. P. Atkinson & M. Caparon: Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) is a keratinocyte receptor for the M protein of the group A streptococcus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 2489-93 (1995)

86. C. T. Taylor, M. M. Biljan, C. R. Kingsland & P. M. Johnson: Inhibition of human spermatozoan-oocyte interaction in vitro by monoclonal antibodies to CD46 (membrane cofactor protein). Hum Reprod 9, 907-11 (1994)

87. K. Iwata, T. Seya, Y. Yanagi, J. M. Pesando, P. M. Johnson, M. Okabe, S. Ueda, H. Ariga & S. Nagasawa: Diversity of sites for measles virus binding and for inactivation of complement C3b and C4b on membrane cofactor protein CD46. J Biol Chem 270, 15148-52 (1995)

88. E. M. Adams, M. C. Brown, M. Nunge, M. Krych & J. P. Atkinson: Contribution of the repeating domains of membrane cofactor protein (CD46) of the complement system to ligand binding and cofactor activity. J Immunol 147, 3005-11 (1991)

89. A. Maisner & G. Herrler: Membrane cofactor protein with different types of N-glycans can serve as measles virus receptor. Virology 210, 479-81 (1995)

90. A. Davies, P. J. Lachmann: Membrane defence against complement lysis: the structure and biological properties of CD59. Immunol Rev 12, 258-75 (1993)

91. T. Fujita, K. Inoue, T. Ogawa, K. Iida & N. Tamura: The mechanism of action of decay-accelerating factor (DAF). DAF inhibits the assembly of C3 convertase by dissociating C2a and Bb. J Exp Med 166, 1221-8 (1987)

92. M. Decker, J. Kubar, D. Zoccola, G. Bernard-Pomier, P. Angelisova, V. Horejsi & A. Bernard: CD59 molecule: A second ligand for CD2 in T cell activation. Eur J Immunol 22, 2943-7 (1992)

93. L. D. Walensky & S. H. Snyder: Inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors selectively localized to the acrosomes of mammalian sperm. J Cell Biol 130, 857-69 (1995)

94. F. Fusi, R. A. Bronson, Y. Hong, & B. Ghebrehiwet: Complement component C1q and it receptor are involved in the interaction of human sperm with zona-free hamster eggs. Mol Reprod Dev 29, 180-8 (1991)

95. K. M. Yamada: Fibronectins: Structure, functions and receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1, 956-63 (1989)

96. A. M. Courtot, J. M. Feinberg, D. A. Schoevaert, D. P. Rainteau, & S. J. Weinman: Calmodulin during human sperm incorporation into hamster oocyte: an immunogold electron microscope study. Mol Reprod Dev 38, 170-7 (1994)

97. S. Buus, A. Sette, S. M. Colon, C. Miles & H. M. Grey: The relation between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and the capacity of Ia to bind immunogenic peptides. Science 235, 1353-8 (1987)

98. C. L. Anderson: Human IgG Fc receptors. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 53, S63-71 (1989)

99. S. Campbell, H. R. Swann, M. W. Seif, S. J. Kimber & J. D. Aplin: Cell adhesion molecules on the oocyte and preimplantation human embryo. Mol Hum Reprod;1; Hum Reprod 10, 1571-8 (1995)

100. R. A. Bronson, H. B. Fleit & F. Fusi: Identification of an oolemmal IgG Fc receptor: its role in promoting binding of antibody-labeled human sperm to zona-free hamster eggs. Am J Reprod Immunol 23, 87-92 (1990)

101. G. Tarone, M. A. Russo, E. Hirsch, T. Odorisio, F. Altruda, L. Silengo & G. Siracusa: Expression of 1 integrin complexes on the surface of unfertilized mouse oocyte. Development 117, 1369-75 (1993)

102. R. A. Bronson, J. Gailit, S. Bronson & L. Oula: Echistatin, a disintingrin, inhibits sperm-oolemmal adhesion but not oocyte penetration. Fertil Steril 64, 414-20 (1995)

103. P. Fenichel, M. Donzeau, F. Cervoni, Y. Menezo & B-L. Hsi: Expression of complement regulatory proteins on human eggs and preimplantation embryos. Am J Reprod Immunol 33, 155-64 (1995)

104. J. M. Roberts, C. T. Taylor, G. C. Melling, C. R. Kingsland & P. M. Johnson: Expression of the CD46 antigen, absence of class I MHC antigen, on the human oocyte and preimplantation blastocyst. Immunology 5, 202-5 (1992)

105. B. Baccetti, A. Benedetto, A. G. Burrini, G. Collodel, C. Elia, P. Piomboni, T. Renieri, C. Sensini & M. Zaccarelli: HIV particles detected in spermatozoa of patients with AIDS. J Submicro Cytol Pathol 23, 339-45 (1991)

106. B. Baccetti, A. Benedetto, A. G. Burrini, G. Collodel, E. C. Ceccarini, N. Crisa, A. Di Caro, M. Estenoz, A. R. Garbuglia, A. Massacesi, P. Piomboni, T. Renieri & D. Solazzo: HIV-particles in spermatozoa of patients with AIDS and their transmission into the oocyte. J Cell Biol 127, 903-14 (1994)

107 V. L. Scofield: Sperm as vectors and cofactors for HIV-1 transmission. J NIH Res 4, 105 and 108-11. (1992)

108. V. L. Scofield, B. Rao, S. Broder, C. Kennedy, M. Wallace, B. Graham & B. J. Poiesz: HIV interaction with sperm (letter). AIDS 8, 1733-6 (1994)

109. V. L. Scofield, R. Clisham, L. Bandyopadhyay, P. Gladstone, L. Zamboni & R. Raghupathy: Binding of sperm to somatic cells via HLA-DR. Modulation by sulfated carbohydrates. J Immunol 148, 1718-24 (1992)

110. M. Autiero, P. Abrescia, & J. Guardiola: Interaction of seminal plasma proteins with cell surface antigens: presence of a CD4-binding glycoprotein in human seminal plasma. Exp Cell Res 197, 268-71 (1991)

111. V. L. Scofield, R. Clisham, L. Bandyopadhyay, P. Gladstone, L. Zamboni & R. Raghupathy: Binding of sperm to somatic cells via HLA-DR. Modulation by sulfated carbohydrates. J Immunol 148, 1718-24 (1992)

112. R. J. Aitken, J. S. Clarkson & S. Fishel: Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function. Biol Reprod 40, 183-97 (1989)

113. J. F. Griveau, E. Dumont, P. Renard, J. P. Callegari & D. Le Lannou: Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic defence systems in human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil 103, 17-26 (1995)

114. J. G. Alvarez, J. C. Touchstone, L. Blasco, B. T. Storey: Spontaneous lipid peroxidation and production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in human spermatozoa. J Androl 8, 338-48 (1987)

115. J. Aitken: Cell biology of the human spermatozoan. In: From ovulation to implantation. Eds. Evers JHL, Heinman MJ, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV (Biomedical division), Amsterdam. 167-75 (1990)

116 O. J. D'Cruz, B-L. Wang & G. G. Haas Jr: Phagocytosis of immunoglobulin G and C3-bound human sperm by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not associated with the release of oxidative radicals. Biol Reprod 46, 721-32 (1992)

117 J. Aitken & H. Fisher: Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk. BioEssays 16, 259-67 (1994)

118. C. G. Fraga, P. A. Motchnik, M. K. Shigenaga, H. J. Helbock, R. A. Jacob & B. N. Ames: Ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88, 11003-6 (1991)

119. T. Kobayashi, T. Miyazaki, M. Natori, J. Nozawa: Protective role of superoxide dismutase in human sperm motility: superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxide in human sperminal plasma and spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 6, 987-91 (1991)

120. R. J. Aitken, D. Buckingham, D. Harkiss: Use of a xanthine oxidase free radical generating system to investigate cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil 97, 441-50 (1993)

121. H. W. G. Baker, J. Brindle, D. S. Irvine & R. J. Aitken: Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Fertil Steril 65, 411-9 (1996)

122. F. Urner, P. G. Bianchi, A. Campana & D. Sakkas: Evidence of sperm entry into assumed unfertilized human oocytes after sub-zona sperm injection. Hum Reprod 8, 2167-73 (1993)

123. I. A. Belokopytova, E. I. Kostyleva, A. N. Tomilin & V. I. Vorob'ev: Human male infertility may be due to a decrease of protamine P2 content of sperm chromatin. Mol Reprod Dev 34, 53-7 (1993)

124. G. G. Haas Jr, R. A. Bronson, O. J. D'Cruz & F. Fusi: Antisperm antibodies and infertility. In: Reproductive Immunology, Eds: Bronson RA, Alexander NJ, Branch DW, Kutteh WH. Blackwell Science Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 171-211 (1996)

125. O. J. D'Cruz, G. G. Haas Jr & H. Lambert: Evaluation of antisperm-complement dependent immune mediators in human follicular fluid. J Immunol 144, 4841-8 (1990)

126. M. Kamada, T. Daitoh, H. Hasebe, M. Irahara, S. Yamano & T. Mori: Blocking of human fertilization in vitro by sera with sperm-immobilizing antibodies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153, 328-31 (1985)

127. R. J. Aitken, J. M. Parslow, T. B. Hargreave & W. F. Hendry: Influence of antisperm antibodies on human sperm function. Br J Urol 62, 367-73 (1988)

128. S. V. Rajah, J. M. Parslow, R. J. Howell, W. F. Hendry: The effects on in-vitro fertilization of autoantibodies to spermatozoa in subfertile men. Hum Reprod 8, 1079-82 (1993)

129. D. Y. Liu, G. N. Clarke, H. W. Baker: Inhibition of human sperm-zona pellucida and sperm-oolemma binding by antisperm antibodies. Fertil Steril 55, 440-2 (1991)

130. J. P. Wolf, M. De Almeida, B. Ducot, D. Rodrigues & P. Jouannet: High levels of sperm-associated antibodies impair human sperm-oolemma interaction after subzonal insemination. Fertil Steril 63, 584-90 (1995)

[Table of Contents ] [Previous Section]