Jan Tesarik¹ , Carmen Mendoza² and Ermanno Greco³

1Laboratoire d’Eylau, 55 rue Saint-Didier, 75116 Paris, France; ²Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, 70018 Granada, Spain; and ³Centre of Assisted Reproduction, European Hospital, Rome, Italy

Received 11/11/98 Accepted 11/27/98

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract

2. Evolution Of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization Techniques And Their Use In Human Infertility Management

2.1. Rationale Underlying The Use Of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization
2.2. Increasing Degree Of Assistance
2.3. Animal Experimentation And Human Application

3. Current Status Of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization

3.1. Modifications Of Basic Biological Mechanisms Underlying Fertilization

3.1.1. Sperm Capacitation
3.1.2. Acrosome Reaction
3.1.3. Oocyte Activation
3.1.4. Manipulation Of Male Germ Cell Ploidy

3.2. Clinical Efficacy

3.2.1. Ejaculated Spermatozoa
3.2.2. Epididymal Spermatozoa
3.2.3. Testicular Spermatozoa

4. Real And Potential Health Hazards

4.1. Real Hazards

4.1.1. Transmission Of Gene Microdeletions/Mutations Causing Infertility
4.1.2. Chromosomal Abnormalities

4.2. Potential Hazards

5. New Developments And Future Directions

6. References

7. Entire manuscript

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