PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF HIV-1 INFECTION: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (Y2K UPDATE)

Stephen Dewhurst ^1,2, Ramothea L.W. da Cruz ¹ and Linda Whetter ¹

1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ² Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection

3.1. Disease progression in HIV-1 infected persons
3.2. Viral replication and viral dynamics
3.3. Viral reservoirs
3.4. Viral dynamics of acute HIV-1 infection
3.5. Viral genetic variation
3.6. Protective host immune responses
3.7. Immunopathogenic mechanisms

4. Recent developments in antiretroviral therapy

4.1. Protease inhibitors and combination therapy
4.2. Advances in the prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1
4.3. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
4.4. Immune recovery following HAART

5. Future Directions

5.1. New antiviral drugs
5.2. Strategies for virus eradication

6. HIV vaccines

6.1. Recombinant gp120
6.2. Nucleic acid vaccines
6.3. Multivalent vaccines
6.4. Live-vectored vaccines
6.5. Combination approaches
6.6. Plant-based vaccines
6.7. Live-attenuated vaccines

7. Perspective and Summary

8. References

9. Acknowledgements

1. ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The pathogenesis of HIV-1-induced disease is complex and characterized by the interplay of both viral and host factors, which together determine the outcome of infection. An improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of AIDS, combined with recent insights into the dynamics of viral infection may provide powerful new opportunities for therapeutic intervention against this virus.