AP-1 TARGETS IN THE BRAIN
Marcin Rylski 1,2 and Leszek Kaczmarek 1
1
Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, The Nencki Institute, 02-093 Warsaw, Pasteura 3, Poland, 2 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-719, ul. Plac Lodzki 3, Poland
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1. Abstract
- 2. Introduction
- 3.
AP-1 as a transcription factor
4. Defining AP-1-driven gene expression in the brain: technical considerations
5. Putative AP-1 target genes
5.1. Genes encoding the transmembrane and extracellular proteins
- 5.1.1. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (timp-1)
- 5.1.2. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43, B50, neuromodulin, F1, PP46)
- 5.1.3. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R, AGTR1, AT1)
- 5.1.4. Glutamate receptor 2 (GRIA2, GluR2, GluRB)
- 5.1.5. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)
5.2. Genes encoding the neuropeptides and neurotrasmitters
- 5.2.1. Follicle-stimulating hormone-beta (FSHbeta)
- 5.2.2. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH, CRF)
- 5.2.3. Arginine vasopressin (AVP, ADH)
- 5.2.4. Preproenkephalin (PENK)
- 5.2.5. Preprodynorphin (PDYN)
- 5.2.6. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, TYH)
5.3. Genes encoding the neurotrophins, and cytokines
- 5.3.1. Fas ligand
- 5.3.2. Nerve growth factor (NGF)
- 5.3.3. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
- 5.3.4. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)
5.4. Other genes
6. Perspective
7. Acknowledgement
8. References
1. ABSTRACT
Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor involved in many aspects of the brain physiology and pathophysiology. In spite of strong engagement in a transcriptional regulation of the brain gene expression, only a few, if any, downstream AP-1 targets have unequivocally been identified so far. In the review we discuss only the best characterized AP-1 target genes in the brain, and we highlight the shortages of our understanding of AP-1 action in the central nervous system as well as indicate what could be done to ameliorate the situation.
