[Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 731-768, January 1, 2009]

Virus interaction with the apical junctional complex

Lorenza Gonzalez-Mariscal, Erika Garay, Susana Lechuga

Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Mexico D.F., Mexico

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract 1.
2. Introduction
3. Molecules of the apical junctional complex (AJC) employed by viruses as attachment receptors for their entry into the organism
3.1. Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs)
3.2. Claudins
3.3. Nectin and nectin like proteins
3.3.1. Nectins
3.3.2. Nectin like proteins
4. Different viruses interact with proteins of the AJC
4.1. Coxsackie, swine vesicular disease virus and adenovirus interact with CAR, a member of the JAM protein family
4.1.1. CAR
4.1.2. Coxsackie
4.1.3. Swine vesicular disease virus
4.1.4. Adenovirus
4.2. Reovirus and feline calicivirus utilize JAM-A as their cellular receptor
4.2.1. JAM-A
4.2.2. Reovirus
4.2.3. Feline calicivirus
4.3. Alpha herpes virus 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), pseudorabies virus, bovine herpes virus 1 and poliovirus associate with nectins and nectin-like proteins.
4.3.1. Nectins 1 and 2 and nectin-like 5
4.3.2. HSV-1 and HSV-2
4.3.3. Pseudorabies
4.3.4. Bovine Herpesvirus-1
4.3.5. Poliovirus
4.4. Hepatitis C virus associates to claudins -1, -6 and -9
4.4.1. Claudin-1
4.4.2. Claudin-6
4.4.3. Claudin-9
4.4.4. Hepatitis C virus
4.5. Rotavirus
5. Concluding remarks
6. Acknowledgements
7. References

1. ABSTRACT

In order to infect pathogens must breach the epithelial barriers that separate the organism from the external environment or that cover the internal cavities and ducts of the body. Epithelia seal the passage through the paracellular pathway with the apical junctional complex integrated by tight and adherens junctions. In this review we describe how viruses like coxsackie, swine vesicular disease virus, adenovirus, reovirus, feline calcivirus, herpes viruses 1 and 2, pseudorabies, bovine herpes virus 1, poliovirus and hepatitis C use as cellular receptors integral proteins present at the AJC of epithelial cells. Interaction with these proteins contributes in a significant manner in defining the particular tropism of each virus. Besides these proteins, viruses exhibit a wide range of cellular co-receptors among which proteins present in the basolateral cell surface like integrins are often found. Therefore targeting proteins of the AJC constitutes a strategy that might allow viruses to bypass the physical barrier that blocks their access to receptors expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells.