[Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 3994-4007, January 1, 2009]

Gene knockouts that affect male fertility: novel targets for contraception

Rajesh K. Naz, Alexis Engle, Rajnee

Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506-9186

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Discussion
3.1. Gene knockouts affecting spermatogenesis
3.2. Gene knockouts affecting fertilization
3.3. Gene knockouts affecting mating behavior
4. Conclusions
5. Acknowledgement

6. References 1. ABSTRACT

There is an urgent need for a better method of contraception that is accepted, effective, and available, due the population explosion and unintended pregnancy. Various targets are being investigated that can be used for contraception. The ideal target should be non-steroidal, intercourse-independent, non-surgical, reversible, and non-barrier with no side effects. The gene knockout technology is a powerful approach to identify such novel targets. We identified at least 93 genes whose deletion demonstrated an affect on fertility in male mice till 2004 (1). In the present article, we found 71 additional gene knockouts in the database since the last report which demonstrated an affect on male fertility. The majority of these knockouts also demonstrated an effect on non-reproductive organs concomitant with an anti-fertility effect or effect on other organs was not examined. The knockouts of only a few genes/proteins induced a specific effect on fertility without a serious side effect. These genes/proteins may provide novel targets for contraception/contraceptive vaccine development.