Tight junctions in cancer metastasis
Tracey A. Martin1, Malcolm D. Mason1, Wen G. Jiang1
1
Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1. Abstract
- 2. Introduction
- 3. The TJ molecular structure is a conglomerate of proteins
- 4. Epithelial and endothelial TJ function as barriers adhesion structures and transducers in signalling
- 4.1. The main functions attributed to the TJ
- 5. Metastasis as a result of cell invasion and angiogenesis
- 6. The role of TJ during metastasis
- 6.1. Tumor cell invasion of the mesothelium due to loss of TJ integrity
- 6.2. Tumor cell invasion of the endothelium leads to metastatic spread
- 7. The expression of TJ proteins is altered during cancer progression
- 8. Changes in the expression of transmembrane proteins in cancer
- 8.1. Breast cancer
- 8.1.1. Claudins in breast cancer
- 8.1.2. Nectins in breast cancer
- 8.1.3. Occludin in breast cancer
- 8.1.4. JAM in breast cancer
- 8.1.5. CAR in breast cancer
- 8.2. Bladder Cancer
- 8.2.1. Claudins in bladder cancer
- 8.3. Colorectal Cancer
- 8.3.1. Claudins in colorectal cancer
- 8.3.2. CAR in colorectal cancer
- 8.4. Eesophageal cancer
- 8.4.1. Claudins in esophageal cancer
- 8.4.2. Occludin in esophageal cancer
- 8.5. Liver cancer
- 8.5.1. Occludin in liver cancer
- 8.6. Gastric cancer
- 8.6.1. Claudins in gastric cancer
- 8.6.2. Occludin in gastric cancer
- 8.6.3. Tricellulin in gastric cancer
- 8.7. Gynaecological cancers
- 8.7.1. Claudins in gynaecological cancer
- 8.7.2. Occludin in gynaecological cancer
- 8.7.3. CAR in gynaecological cancer
- 8.7.4. JAM in gynaecological cancer
- 8.8. Prostate cancer
- 8.9.1. Claudins in prostate cancer
- 8.9. Lung cancer
- 8.9.1. Claudins in lung cancer
- 8.9.2. Occludin in lung cancer
- 8.9.3. CAR in lung cancer
- 8.10. Melanoma
- 8.10.1. Claudin in melanoma
- 8.11. Pancreatic cancer
- 8.11.1. Claudins in pancreatic cancer
- 8.12. Oral cancer
- 8.12.1. Claudins in oral cancer
- 8.13. Liver and hepatocellular cancer
- 8.13.1. Claudins in liver and hepatocellular cancer
- 8.13.2. Occludin in liver and hepatocellular cancer
- 8.14. Synovial cancer
- 8.14.1. Claudins in synovial cancer
- 8.15. Thyroid cancer
- 8.15.1. Claudins in thyroid cancer
- 8.16. Neurofibroma
- 8.16.1. Claudins in neurofibroma
- 8.17. Renal cancer
- 8.17.1. Claudins in renal cancer
- 8.17.2. JAM in renal cancer
- 9. Changes in the expression of Peripheral/Plaque proteins in cancer
- 9.1. Breast cancer
- 9.1.1. MAGUK's in breast cancer
- 9.2. Colorectal Cancer
- 9.2.1. ZO-1 in colorectal cancer
- 9.3. Eesophageal cancer
- 9.3.1. ZO-1 in esophageal cancer
- 9.4. Gastric cancer
- 9.4.1. ZO-1 in gastric cancer
- 9.5. Lung cancer
- 9.5.1. ZO-1 in lung cancer
- 9.6. Pancreatic cancer
- 9.6.1. ZO-1 in pancreatic cancer
- 9.6.2. ZO-2 in pancreatic cancer
- 9.7. Ovarian cancer
- 9.8. Testicular cancer
- 9.8.1. ZO's in testicular cancer
- 9.9. Renal cancer
- 9.9.1. ZO-1in renal cancer
- 10. TJ protein expression in multi-cancer studies
- 10.1. CAR
- 10.2. Claudins
- 11. TJ protein expression, malignant brain tumors and the blood-brain-barrier (BBB)
- 12. TJ protein expression in cancer and associated endothelium
- 13. TJ components as promising new targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy
- 14. Perspective
- 15. Acknowledgements
- 16. References
1. ABSTRACT
Tight Junctions (TJ) are well known to function as a control for the paracellular diffusion of ions and certain molecules, it has however, become evident that the TJ has a vital role in maintaining cell to cell integrity. Loss of cohesion of the TJ structure can lead to invasion and ultimately to the metastasis of cancer cells. This review will discuss how modulation of expression of TJ molecules results in key changes in TJ barrier function leading to the progression of cancer and progression of metastasis.
