[Frontiers in Bioscience 16, 997-1023, January 1, 2011]

Nanostructures in Biosensor-A Review

Se-Hyuk Yeom1, Byoung-Ho Kang1, Kyu-Jin Kim1, Shin-Won Kang1

1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Bukgu, 702-701 Daegu, South Korea, 2School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University 1370,Sankyuk-dong, Bukgu, 702-701 Daegu, South Korea

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Nanostructures and nanoparticles
3.1. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
3.2. Synthesis of Nanowires (NWs)
3.3. Synthesis of colloidal quantum dots (QDs)
4. Functionalization of nanomaterials for biosensor
4.1. CNTs and Nanowires
4.1.1. Carbon nanotubes
4.1.2. Si/Metal nanowires
4.1.3. Conducting polymer (CP) nanowires
4.2. Colloidal quantum dots
4.2.1. Fluorescent analysis of QDs
4.2.2. Functionalized QDs with peptides
4.2.3. Functionalized QDs with small molecules
4.2.4. Labeling biomolecules
4.2.5. Live cell assay based on QD and antibody
5. Applications of nanomaterials in biosensing
5.1. Nanostructures for biosensor
5.2. Nanoparticles for biosensor
5.3. Various nanodevices for biosensor
6. Conclusions
7. Acknowledgement
8. References

1. ABSTRACT

In the 21st century, it is widely recognized that along with information technology (IT) and biotechnology (BT), nanotechnology (NT) will be a key field of science that will drive future developments. NT is expected to allow innovations in industrial fields such as electrical and electronics, biochemistry, environment, energy, as well as materials science by enabling the control and operation of materials at the atomic and molecular levels. In particular, the application of NT in the field of biochemistry is now enabling the realization of previously unachievable objectives.This review discusses the growth, synthesis, and biocompatible functionalization of each materials, with an emphasis on 1D nanomaterials such as CNTs, inorganic nanowires (made of Si, metals, etc.), and conducting polymer nanowires, along with 0D nanomaterials such as nanoparticles. This review also investigates the sensing principle and features of nanobiosensors made using the abovementioned materials and introduce various types of biosensors with nanostructure 0-D and 1-D. Finally, the review discusses future research objectives and research directions in the field of nanotechnology.