C-Myb is a DNA-binding transcription factor that functions in apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. The role of c-Myb in vascular injury has been investigated previously both in vitro and in vivo, where knock-down of c-Myb is known to lead to a reduction in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Reduction of c-Myb activity has also been shown to decrease neointimal formation in vivo, by reducing VSMC proliferation. In contrast, over-expression of c-Myb in vivo leads to increased survival rates in certain cell types. This review will look mainly at studies investigating c-Myb function in the vasculature, and evidence of signalling interactions which may be considered with regard to c-Myb as a possible target in the treatment of vasculoproliferative diseases.