Developmental regulation of decidual cell polyploidy at the site of implantation
Julie M. Sroga1,3, Xinghong Ma1,2, Sanjoy K. Das1,2
1
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 2Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1. Abstract
- 2. Introduction
- 2.1. Characteristics of polyploid cells
- 2.2. Characteristics of decidual polyploidy
- 3. Mechanisms of polyploidization
- 3.1. Regulatory mechanisms of the endocycle
- 3.1.1. The endocycle of decidual Cells
- 3.1.2. The endocycle of other Cells
- 3.2. Other mechanisms in polyploidization
- 3.2.1. Spindle checkpoints
- 3.2.2. Cytokinesis failure
- 4. Further characterization of decidual polyploidy
- 4.1. The mitochondrial role in decidual polyploidization
- 4.2. The role of immune cells and apoptosis in decidual polyploidy
- 5. Perspectives
- 6. Acknowledgements
- 7. References
1. ABSTRACT
Polyploidy has been reported in several animal cells, as well as within humans; however the mechanism of developmental regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Polyploidy occurs in normal biologic processes as well as in pathologic states. Decidual polyploid cells are terminally differentiated cells with a critical role in continued uterine development during embryo implantation and growth. Here we review the mechanisms involved in polyploidy cell formation in normal developmental processes, with focus on known regulatory aspects in decidual cells.
