TYPICAL REFERENCE INTERVALS

COMPONENT

CONVENTIONAL UNITS

FACTOR

RECOMMENDED SI UNITS

ANTITHROMBIN III

• Immunologic

20-30 mg/dL

10

200-300 mg/L

• Funcitonal

80-120 U/dL

10

800-1200 U/L

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (APTT)

Depends on activator and phospholipid reagents used, typically 25-35 s

BLEEDING TIME

Depends on location and orientation of cut and on particular device, typically 2-8 min.

CLOT LYSIS TIME

• Euglobulin factor

1 ½ - 4 h at 37°C

• Whole blood

None by 24 h at 37°C

CLOT REACTION

Complete by 4 h at 37°C

COAGULATION FACTORS

0.50-1.50 µ/mL

1000

500-1500 U/L

ERYTHROCYTE INDICES

• Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

80-96 µm³

1

80-96 fL

• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

27.5-33.2 pg

1

27.5-33.2 pg

• Mean corpusculear hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

33.4-35.5%

0.01

Concentration fraction: 0.334-0.355

FACTOR XIII (SCREENING TEST)

Clot insoluble in 5 mol/L urea at 24 h

HEMATOCRIT

• Male

41.5-50.4%

0.01

Volume fraction: 0.415-0.504

• Female

35.9-44.6%

Volume fraction: 0.359-0.446

HEMOGLOBIN

• Male

14.0-17.5 g/dL

10

140-175 g/L

• Female

12.3-15.3 g/dL

123-153 g/L

HEMOGLOBIN A₂

1.5-3.5% of total hemoglobin

0.01

mass fraction: 0.015-0.035 of total hemoglobin

HEMOGLOBIN F

<2%

0.01

mass fraction: <0.02

OSMOTIC FRAGILITY

% Lysis

Lysis-0.01

Lysed Fraction

% (w/v) NaCl

Fresh

24 h at 37°C

NaCl mmol/L

Fresh

24 h at 37°C

0.2

-

95-100

34.2

-

0.95-1.00

0.3

97-100

85-100

51.3

0.97-1.00

0.85-1.00

0.35

90-99

75-100

59.8

0.90-0.99

0.75-100

0.4

50-95

65-100

68.4

0.50-0.95

0.65-1.00

0.45

5-45

55-95

77.0

0.05-0.45

0.55-0.95

0.5

0.6

40-85

85.5

0-0.06

0.40-0.85

0.55

-

15-70

94.1

0

0.15-0.70

0.6

-

0-40

102.6

-

0-0.40

0.65

-

0-10

111.2

-

0-0.10

0.7

-

0-5

119.7

-

0-0.05

0.75

-

0

128.3

-

0

PLASMA D-DIMERS

<200 ng/mL

1

<200 µg/L

PLASMA VOLUME

• Male

 25-43 mL/kg body weight

0.001

0.025-0.043 L/kg body weight

• Female

 28-45 mL/kg body weight

0.028-0.045 L/kg body weight

PLASMINOGEN

• Immunologic

10-20 mg/dL

10

100-200 mg/L

• Functional

80-120 U/dL

10

800-1200 U/L

PLATELET COUNT

150,000-450,000/µL

10⁶

150-450 x 10⁹/L

PROTEIN C

0.7 - 1.4 µ/mL

10

700-1400 U/L

PROTEIN S (TOTAL)

0.7 - 1.4 µ/mL

10

700-1400 U/L

PROTHROMBIN TIME

Depends on thromboplastin reagent used, typically 10-13 s

RED CELL VOLUME

• Male

20-36 mL/kg body weight

0.001

0.020-0.036 L/kg body weight

• Female

19-32 mL/kg body weight

0.019-0.032 L/kg body weight

RED CELL COUNT

• Male

4.5-5.9 x 10⁶/µL

10⁶

4.5-5.9 x 10¹²/L

• Female

4.5-5.1 x 10⁶/µL

4.1-5.1 x 10¹²/L

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

0.5-1.5%

0.01

Number fraction: 0.005-0.015

25,000-75,000 cells/µL

10⁶

25-75 x 10⁹/L

SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR) (WESTERGREN)

• Men under 50 years

<15 mm/h

• Men 50 - 85 years

<20 mm/h

• Men over 85 years

<30 mm/h

• Women under 50 years

<20 mm/h

• Women over 50 - 85 years

<30 mm/h

• Women over 85 years

<42 mm/h

THROMBIN TIME

Depends on concentration of thrombin reagent used, typically 17-25 s

VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR

• Immunologic

50-150 U/dL

10

500-1500 U/L

• Ristocetin cofactor activity

50-150 U/dL

10

500-1500 U/L

VISCOSITY

1.4-1.8 times water

1

1.4-1.8 times water

WHITE CELL COUNT

4.4-11.0 x 10³/µL

10⁶

4.4-11.3 x 10⁹/L

WHITE BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL (ADULT)

MEAN PERCENT

RANGE OF ABSOLUTE COUNTS

FACTOR

FRACTION* ABSOLUTE COUNT

• Segmented neutrophils

56%

1800-7800/µL

10⁶

0.56 1.8-7.8 x 10⁹/L

• Bands

3%

0-700/µL

10⁶

0.03 0-0.70 x 10⁹/L

• Eosinophils

2.7%

0-450/µL

10⁶

0.027 0-0.45 x 10⁹/L

• Basophils

0.3%

0-200/µL

10⁶

0.003 0-0.20 x 10⁹/L

• Lymphocytes

34%

1000-4800/µL

10⁶

0.34 1.0-4.8 x 10⁹/L

• Monocytes

4%

0-800/µL

10⁶

0.04 0-0.80 x 10⁹/L

ZETA SEDIMENTATION RATIO

41-54%

0.01

Fraction: 0.41-0.54