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Derivatives of the three germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
The cells in the germ layers are able to divide, migrate and to differentiate into various cells, tissues and organs. For example, the endoderm gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract. Connective tissue, muscle, Bone and cartilage are derived from the mesoderm. The following is a summary of the tissues that are derived from various germ layers.
 Ectoderm:
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 Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, and nose
Mammary glands
Pituitary gland
Subcutaneous glands
Enamel of teeth
Endoderm
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Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
Epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity
Epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra
Liver
Pancreas
Parathyroid glands
Pharyngotympanic or auditory tube
Thymus
Thyroid
Tonsils
Tympanic antrum
Neural crest cells from neuroectoderm
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Meninges
Spinal, cranial, and autonomic ganglia
Bone of pharyngeal (branchial) arch origin
Suprarenal (adrenal) medulla
Muscle
Connective tissues
Pigment cells of the dermis
Mesoderm
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Blood
Bone
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Cortex of the adrenal glands
Genital ducts
Heart
Kidneys
Lymphatic vessels
Ovaries
Serous membranes of the body cavities (pericardiaum, pleura, and peritoneum)
Spleen
Striated and smooth muscles
Testis
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