Mammography:
Detects tissue asymmetry, abnormal masses, microcalcifications, and skin thickening
Radiologic procedures:
Chest X- rays may show pulmonary metastases
CT scans of liver & brain may show systemic metastases
Radionuclide bone scanning may show metastatic lesions
Fine needle aspiration cytology:
An out patient procedure
Immediate results
Relatively atraumatic
Can not differentiate between in-situ & invasive carcinoma
Can distinguish ductal from lobular carcinoma
Core biopsy:
An out patient procedure performed under local anesthesia
In-situ disease can be differentiated from invasive disease
A greater appraisal of the grade & type of tumor is possible
Open surgical biopsy:
Requires hospital admission.Usually done under general anesthesia
A definitive method for the diagnosis of disease
Ultrasound:
Differentiates cystic from solid lesions
Is not diagnostic of malignancy
Other laboratory tests:
Consistently elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
Hypercalcemia