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 Human endometrium is a unique tissue which undergoes characteristic changes during menstrual cycles.
There are three characteristic phases during a menstrual cycle. They include proliferative, secretory and menstrual phases.
During the proliferative phase, the endometrium undergoes proliferation.
The secretory phase is characterized by changes that occur after ovulation.
If implantation does not occur during the secretory phase, endometrium is shed during the menstrual phase. This tissue shedding is associated with bleeding.
Based on histomorphology of the endometrial glands and stroma, it is possible to define the phase of the menstrual cycle.
The histomorphologic changes occure primarily in the functionalis. Histologic dating should be done only on the functionalis.
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