NOBEL PRIZES

	FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE; NOBEL PRIZES


	2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system ARVID CARLSSON Born: January 25, 1923 Place of birth: Uppsala, Sweden Residence: Sweden Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Göteborg Medicine Address: Department of Pharmacology University of Göteborg Medicinaregatan 7 Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Tel: +46 31-773 34 35 Fax: +46 31-82 17 95 E-mail: arvid.carlsson@pharm.gu.se 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system PAUL GREENGARD Born: December 11, 1925 Place of birth: New York, NY, USA Residence: New York, USA Affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University Address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA E-mail: greengd@rockvax.rockefeller.edu 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine ERIC KANDEL Born: November 7, 1929 Place of birth: Vienna, Austria, American citizen. Residence: New York Affiliation: Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Address: Center for Neurobiology and Behavior Columbia University 1051 Riverside Drive New York, NY 10032, USA Tel: (212) 960-2202 Fax: (212) 960-2410 E-mail: erk5@columbia.edu	2000 Nobel prize winner in chemisty Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. Macdiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa for the discovery and development of conductive polymers ALAN J. HEEGER Born: January 22, 1936 Place of birth: Sioux City, IA, USA Residence: Santa Barbara, California, USA Affiliation: University of California at Santa Barbara Address: Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids And Department of Physics and Materials University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5090 Tel: 893-3184 Fax: 893-4755 E-mail: ajh@physics.ucsb.edu 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard And Eric Kandel jointly won nobel prize for their discoveries in signal transduction in the nervous system ALAN G. MACDIARMID Born: 1927 Place of birth: New Zealand Residence: Pennsylvania, USA Affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Address: University of Pennsylvania 34th and Spruce Streets Philadelphia, PA 19104 Tel: 215-898-8307 Fax: 215-898-8378 E-mail: macdiarm@sas.upenn.edu 2000 Nobel prize winner in medicine HIDEKI SHIRAKAWA Born: 1936 Residence: Ibaraki, Japan Affiliation: CInstitute of Materials Science at University of Tsukuba Address: Cnstitute of Materials Sciences University of Tsukuba Sakura-mura, Ibaraki 305, Japan E-mail: hideki@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp
	1999 Nobel prize winner in medicine GÜNTER BLOBEL won the Nobel prive for his discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell. Born: May 21, 1936 Place of birth: Waltersdorf/Silesia, Germany Residence: NY, U.S.A. Affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University Address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10021, USA E-mail: blobel@rockvax.rockefeller.edu 1998 Nobel prize winner in medicine ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT won Nobel prize for his discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT Born: 1916 Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Box 29, SUNY Health Science Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA LOUIS J. IGNARRO won Nobel prize for his discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system LOUIS J. IGNARRO Born: 1941 Affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, 23-315 CHS, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735, USA FERID MURAD won Nobel prize for his discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system FERID MURAD Born: 1936 Affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX 77225, USA	1999 Nobel prize winner in medicine AHMED ZEWAIL won the Nobel prive for his discoveries of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy. Born: 1946 Place of Birth: Egypt Education: Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania Residence: California, U.S.A. Affiliation: Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, USA Address: California Institute of Technology Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics Mail Code 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Phone: (626)395-6536 FAX: (626)792-8456 E-mail: zewail@cco.caltech.edu 1998 Nobel prize winner in chemistry WALTER KOHN won Nobel prize for his development of the density-functional theory WALTER KOHN Born: 1923 Affiliation: University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA JOHN A POPLE won Nobel prize for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry WALTER KOHN Born: 1925 Affiliation: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
	1997 Nobel prize winner in medicine STANLEY B. PRUSINER won Nobel prize for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection STANLEY B. PRUSINER Born: May 28, 1942 Place of birth: U.S.A. Residence: San Francisco, U.S.A. Affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA	1997 Nobel prize winner in chemistry PAUL D. BOYER and JOHN E. WALKER won Nobel prize for elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and JENS C. SKOU won Nobel prize for the discovery, Na+, K+-ATPase the first of ion-transporting enzyme. JENS C. SKOU Born: 1918 Place of Birth: Denmark Residence: Denmark Education: Received his doctoral degree at Aarhus University Affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Aarhus University, Denmark E-mail: jcs@mil.aau.dk Tel: +45 8942 2929 JOHN E. WALKER Born: 1941 Place of Birth: Halifax, Great Britain Residence: Great Britain Education: Received M.A. and Dr.Phil. at Oxford University, Great Britain Affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Cambridge, UK) E-mail: walker@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk Tel: 01223-402239
		The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996: The Nobel Assembly at The Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1996 jointly to Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel, for their discoveries concerning "the specificity of the cell mediated immune defense." Introduction: Our Immune System A Key Experiment and their results Clinical Implications Other Sources of Information
		The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996: The Nobel Assembly at The Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, has awarded the Nobel Prize Chemistry 1996 jointly to: Professor Robert F. Curl, Jr., Rice University, Houston, USA,Professor Sir Harold W. Kroto, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K., and Professor Richard E. Smalley, Rice University, Houston, USA,for their discovery of fullerenes.
	NOBEL PRIZES; 1995
	Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine; 1995: The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1995 both to Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus for their discoveries concerning "the genetic control of early embryonic development"	Nobel prize in chemistry; 1995 was presented by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to three researchers for their contributions in showing how sensitive the ozone layer is to the influence of anthropogenic compounds. The winners include, Paul Crutzen from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, F Sherwood Rowland from the University California, Irvine, California and Mario Molina from the Massachusstes Institute of Techology.
	NOBEL PRIZES; 1901-1999
	Alphabetized listing of Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, physiology and medicine (1901-1999)
	Listing of the Nobel prizes in Chemistry and Physiology and Medicine by the year (1901-1999)